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Shareware Grab Bag
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011
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ramerror.tqt
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RAMERROR.TXT
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1985-08-03
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6KB
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112 lines
A malfunctioning RAM chip will normally produce an error code that
can be used to determine which of the chips is bad. There are several
things needed to locate the bad chip.
First determine whether your error came from the system board or a
memory expansion unit. This is indicated by the diagnostics program
showing a 3-digit error, 1xx or 2xx (the second and third digits don't
matter yet). This is followed by a 4-digit number that will be used in
a moment. System board errors start with 1 and expansion board errors
start with 2. The following refers only to the errors in system memory,
since expansion cards vary in layout.
Determine which type of system board you have (64K or 256K), then
use the corresponding table below. The 64K boards usually have four
rows of chips in the front left corner that end with 16 (e.g. 4116),
while the 256K boards have chips that end with 64 (e.g. 4164, 4864,
depending on the manufacturer). Make sure that you are trying to
replace the bad chip with the correct new one.
Now look at the 4-digit code that was given. The first two digits
represent the "row" that the chip is in, while the second two tell how
far down the row the chip is. The rows are labelled BANK0, BANK1,
BANK2, and BANK3 on the circuit board at the far left edge. At this
point it is appropriate to spend a moment in silent meditation,
imploring that the bad chip is in a socket and not soldered to the
board. As a recent author wrote, "A $3000 system board is not the place
to brush up on your soldering techniques."
Some PC's will have BANK3 nearest the front edge of the computer
and BANK0 at the rear, while some compatibles reverse this order to keep
things interesting. For that reason, double check the location of BANK0
on the board before proceeding. (If it is closer to the back, then
continue, otherwise use a mirror.)
For 64K boards:
second 2 digits
0 0 0 0 0 1 2 4 8
0 1 2 4 8 0 0 0 0
first 2 digits
00 BANK0 █ █ █ █ █ █ █ █ █ <- "chips"
04 BANK1 █ █ █ █ █ █ █ █ █
< Left
08 BANK2 █ █ █ █ █ █ █ █ █ (usually)
\/ Front
0C BANK3 █ █ █ █ █ █ █ █ █
------------------------------------------------------------------------
For 256K boards:
second 2 digits
0 0 0 0 0 1 2 4 8
0 1 2 4 8 0 0 0 0
first 2 digits
00 BANK0 █ █ █ █ █ █ █ █ █
10 BANK1 █ █ █ █ █ █ █ █ █
20 BANK2 █ █ █ █ █ █ █ █ █
40 BANK3 █ █ █ █ █ █ █ █ █
In general, expansion boards are arranged so that the rows run
from the back of the computer to the front on the card, and the
positions in the row run from the bottom to top. Therefore, you can try
to figure out which chip is bad by using some hexadecimal arithmetic and
lots of lucky guesses.
The chip represented by 00 for the second 2 digits refer to the
parity bit in the byte. This is either the top or bottom chip in the
row, again depending on the manufacturer. On at least one AST Six-Pak,
the parity bit is the located in the chip at the bottom of the board.
The banks on the expansion board will start with error codes 2xx 4000 in
a 256K system board computer and go as high as 2xx 9xxx with 640K of RAM
installed. 64K machines start at 2xx 1000 on the expansion boards.
The following diagram is only a starting point for your educated
guessing. It may or may not be accurate for the expansion card you are
using. Trail and error will show which arrangement the board uses for
the second two digits of the error code. When you think you know which
chip is faulty, switch it into a different row and see if the error code
changes accordingly. If it did, you were obviously as clever as YOU
thought you were. If it didn't, you were as clever as WE thought you
were. Good luck!
Second 2 digits
▄ ▄ ▄ ▄ ▄ ▄ 00 80
▄ ▄ ▄ ▄ ▄ ▄ 80 40
▄ ▄ ▄ ▄ ▄ ▄ 40 20
▄ ▄ ▄ ▄ ▄ ▄ 20 10
Front ▄ ▄ ▄ ▄ ▄ ▄ 10 OR 08 Back
<--- of ▄ ▄ ▄ ▄ ▄ ▄ 08 04 of --->
Computer ▄ ▄ ▄ ▄ ▄ ▄ 04 02 Computer
▄ ▄ ▄ ▄ ▄ ▄ 02 01
▄ ▄ ▄ ▄ ▄ ▄ 01 00
\/ Bottom
\/ of 90 80 70 60 50 40
\/ Card First 2 digits with 256K system
board (subtract 30 for 64K)
As a last resort, check your technical reference manual for your
particular computer and expansion cards.
Submitted by
Steve Nelson
5/29/85